The Aqueduct was designed to carry sewage in an ovoid pipe line, to an ocean outfall at Black Rock. A plant was set up in nearby Marshalltown to construct the pipe. The development was an important response to public health needs in a developing city.
It was decommissioned in 1993 and, having withstood several major floods , it remains a very significant early Australian concrete structure.
National Trust classified 22/06/1987
Citation
The structure is nationally significant as an early and inventive use of reinforced concrete in the Considere system. Internationally eminent civil engineer Professor Roger Lacroix has reported that there are very few similar bridges of this age left in the world, and “none of the scope and imagination displayed in the design and construction of the Geelong aqueduct”.
The aqueduct was designed by Edward Giles Stone and Ernest J Siddeley, whose firm undertook a number of marine projects in southern and eastern Australia, including reinforced concrete ships and pontoons. EG Stone had previously designed the concrete bowstring of roof trusses of Geelong’s Dennys Lascelles wool store (now demolished). His work was probably the most advanced expression in the world of the Considere system of reinforced concrete.
The aqueduct was modelled on Scotland’s famous Firth of Forth railway bridge and constructed between 1913 – 1915. It represents an internationally unusual example of this form in concrete.
Both the overall length and the maximum span length were far in excess of any other Australian reinforced concrete structure; the first structure to exceed its maximum span being the 1932 William Jolly bridge in Brisbane. The members of the aqueduct are unusually light, and of elegant proportions.
The great length and horizontal aspect across expansive flood plains – which are a significant natural habitat – constitute the aqueduct as a rare and major landscape feature.
City of Greater Geelong Heritage Overlay HO56
Statement of Significance
The Sewer Aqueduct across the Barwon River near Breakwater was designed and constructed by Stoney & Siddey a Tasmanian firm of engineers and contractors, for the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust. Erected in 1913-15, this reinforced concrete structure of 14 spans was modelled on the structure system of the Firth or Forth Bridge in Scotland. The aqueduct is of paramount significance as an early example of reinforced concrete construction of delicate proportions by noted engineers Stone and Siddley who also designed the Dennys Lascelles Wool Store of 1912 using a similar technique.
Victorian Heritage Register
OVOID SEWER AQUEDUCT OVER BARWON RIVER 42 LEATHER STREET BREAKWATER and 91-97 TANNERY ROAD MARSHALL, GREATER GEELONG CITY
https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/518/download-report
What is significant?
The Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct was constructed over the Barwon River at Breakwater in 1913-15 for the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust as part of a sewerage scheme to serve Geelong. The sewer extended south from the urban centre of Geelong to the coast at Black Rock to discharge into Bass Strait at the shoreline. The outfall sewer, which comprised a reinforced concrete pipe of ovoid shape, crossed the Barwon River at Breakwater and was conveyed across the flood plain by means of a long reinforced concrete aqueduct of innovative design.
The aqueduct and sewer were designed and constructed by Tasmanian engineer Edward Giles Stone and his partner Ernest J. Siddeley. A purpose-built factory was established nearby, adjacent to the railway, to manufacture the sections of sewer pipe, with production commencing in 1912.
The aqueduct is approximately 756 metres in length and carries the ovoid sewer pipe and a walkway. It consists of a series of trusses which cantilever from fourteen concrete, corniced piers. Girders bridge the gap between these trusses. The form of the aqueduct was inspired by an overseas rail bridge design, the steel Firth of Forth Bridge, Scotland, constructed by 1890.
One of the most innovative forms of concrete reinforcement used in Australia, the Considere system, was used in the construction of the aqueduct. Heavy spiral reinforcing bars were used to increase the compressive strength of the concrete core. E. G. Stone was the greatest individual exponent of this system and his design of the Dennys Lascelles Austin wool store at Geelong in 1909 (now demolished) was an excellent example of the application of this system. Stone was also a great innovator and this is evident in his application for a number of patents from 1908.
Cracks began to appear in the concrete work of the aqueduct as early as 1922 and initial repairs were made in 1923-24. Other repair works have been made since this time. The aqueduct was decommissioned in 1992 following the construction of a new sewer main under the river however the structure has been retained.
How is it significant?
The Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct is of architectural, historical, scientific (technical) and aesthetic significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct is of architectural significance for its association with the engineers Edward Giles Stone and Ernest J Siddeley, who undertook a number of marine projects in southern and eastern Australia, including reinforced concrete ships and pontoons. Stone was a highly innovative and creative engineer whose daring structural systems challenged the limits of construction technology in the early twentieth century. His advanced work in reinforced concrete, the Considere system in particular, is of great importance and his design derivation from the steel Firth of Forth Bridge in Scotland is of particular note.
The Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct is of scientific (technical) significance as an example of pioneering concrete work of structural ingenuity and monumental scale. The early and innovative use of reinforced concrete in the Considere system, which was the most innovative form of reinforcement used in Victoria, is of great significance. The aqueduct remains as a rare example of this type of concrete construction. It is also of scientific (technical) significance for its overall length and the maximum span length, both of which appear to be in excess of that of any other Victorian reinforced concrete structure at the time of construction.
The Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct is of historical significance for its association with the inaugural work of the Geelong sewerage scheme in 1912-15. Geelong was one of the first regional Victorian cities to implement plans for the construction of a sewerage system.
The Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct is of aesthetic significance as a major landscape feature. Its dramatic setting in the Barwon River floodplain near Breakwater, Geelong is of great importance.
Friends of Barwon River Ovoid Sewer Aqueduct 